Tantei-kun

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

The Marquess of Salisbury
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office 25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902
Monarch	Victoria Edward VII
Preceded by	The Earl of Rosebery
Succeeded by	Arthur Balfour
In office 25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Succeeded by	William Ewart Gladstone
In office 23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Succeeded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Leader of the Opposition
In office 11 August 1892 – 22 June 1895
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rosebery
In office 28 January 1886 – 20 July 1886
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Succeeded by	William Ewart Gladstone
In office May 1881 – 9 June 1885
Monarch	Victoria
Preceded by	Benjamin Disraeli
Succeeded by	William Ewart Gladstone
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office 29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	The Earl of Kimberley
Succeeded by	The Marquess of Lansdowne
In office 14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	The Earl of Iddesleigh
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rosebery
In office 24 June 1885 – 6 February 1886
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	The Earl Granville
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rosebery
In office 2 April 1878 – 28 April 1880
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Beaconsfield
Preceded by	The Earl of Derby
Succeeded by	The Earl Granville
Personal details
Born	3 February 1830 Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Died	22 August 1903 (aged 73) Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Georgina Alderson
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford, United Kingdom
Religion	Anglican
Signature

Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, PC (3 February 1830 – 22 August 1903), styled Lord Robert Cecil before 1865 and Viscount Cranborne from June 1865 until April 1868, was a British Conservative statesman and thrice Prime Minister, serving for a total of over 13 years. He was the first British Prime Minister of the 20th century and the last Prime Minister to head his full administration from the House of Lords.
Lord Robert Cecil was first elected to the House of Commons in 1854 and served as Secretary of State for India in Lord Derby's Conservative government from 1866 until his resignation in 1867 over its introduction of Benjamin Disraeli's Reform Bill that extended the suffrage to working-class men. In 1868 upon the death of his father, Cecil was elevated to the House of Lords. In 1874 when Disraeli formed an administration Salisbury returned as Secretary of State for India and in 1878 was appointed Foreign Secretary and played a leading part in the Congress of Berlin, despite doubts over Disraeli's pro-Ottoman policy. After the Conservatives lost the 1880 election and Disraeli's death the year after, Salisbury emerged as Conservative leader in the House of Lords, with Sir Stafford Northcote leading the party in the Commons. He became Prime Minister in June 1885 when the Liberal leader William Ewart Gladstone resigned, and he held the office until January 1886. When Gladstone came out in favour of Home Rule for Ireland, Salisbury opposed him and formed an alliance with the breakaway Liberal Unionists and the won the subsequent general election. He remained Prime Minister until Gladstone's Liberals formed a government with the support of the Irish Nationalist Party, despite the Unionists gaining the largest number of votes and seats in the 1892 general election. However the Liberals lost the 1895 general election and Salisbury once again became Prime Minister, leading Britain to war against the Boers and the Unionists to another electoral victory in 1900 before relinquishing the premiership to his nephew Arthur Balfour. He died a year later in 1903.